Ethereum 2.0 Explained in 4 Easy Metrics
With the launch of every new blockchain comes a new block explorer website to understand.
Block explorer sites offer real-time updates on network activity. Normally, they feature information on blocks, transactions and fees. On Ethereum 2.0, the block explorers depict a very different array of metrics involving epochs, slots and attestations.
But even for those familiar with the usual Ethereum explorers such as Etherscan, Etherchain and Blockchair, the new sites for tracking Eth 2.0 activity may be difficult to decipher. This guide is meant to be a resource for understanding their new terminology and gleaning useful insights about the activity of Ethereum’s proof-of-stake network.
For anyone unfamiliar with blockchain explorers in general, this guide will go over the basic details of reading an Ethereum 2.0 blockchain explorer. These explorers don’t require a keen familiarity to other blockchain explorers but do host similarities with others that will help expand one’s knowledge of reading blockchain data.
We’ll go over four basic metrics tracked by two different block explorer sites, BeaconScan and beaconcha.in. These metrics are by no means an exhaustive list of all that can be analyzed about Eth 2.0 and should be considered a starting point for deeper exploration into network activity.
Epochs progressed
Unlike Bitcoin and Ethereum, Ethereum 2.0 progresses in epochs, not blocks. An epoch is a bundle of up to 32 blocks that actors on the network (called validators) propose and attest to over a period lasting roughly 6.4 minutes. An epoch, along with all the blocks of which it is composed, is only considered finalized after the progression of two more epochs after it.
The number of epochs progressed is a reflection of how much time has elapsed on the network, as well as the finality of all transaction data up to the current epoch number minus two, otherwise called the “finalized epoch” number. (See image above.)
This metric can be a useful indicator of any network abnormalities. Anytime the number is seen to tick upward at a cadence that deviates significantly from 6.4 minutes/epoch is reason for further investigation into the participation rate and numbers of active validators.
Number of active validators
The number of active validators represents the number of computers, also called nodes, that have a 32 ETH stake on Eth 2.0 and that have passed the activation queue for entry into the network. As of Jan. 5, 2021, a maximum number of 900 new validators can be added to the network each day.
A total of 262,144 validators is needed at minimum for Eth 2.0 to advance to its next phase of development in which 64 mini-blockchains, called “shards,” will be spawned. At the current rate of 900 new validators being added to the network each day, phase 1 will occur sometime in late August or early September of this year.
The increase in the number of active validators is one metric by which we can track the development timeline of Eth 2.0. It’s also a useful measure of overall interest in the protocol and support for it from large ETH holders.
Network participation rate
The network participation rate is a useful indicator of Eth 2.0 network health. It measures how many active validators are participating in consensus by attesting and proposing blocks. Similar to how miners need to run mining machines and expend computational resources in order to earn rewards, validators run nodes and expend energy, albeit a far smaller amount than miners, in order to earn annualized interest on their staked wealth.
A participation rate of 99% suggests the vast majority of validators on Eth 2.0 are doing their job and securing the network. Significant declines in this number would suggest active validators are shutting their nodes down and disconnecting from Eth 2.0.
Read more: Ethereum 2.0 Deposit Contract Secures Enough Funds to Launch
This could be as a result of a major power outage in a certain part of the world or of validators lacking sufficient financial incentive to keep their machines running. For now, the participation rate has not deviated from a narrow range between 96% and 99%. However, its change over time will give clues as to how engaged Eth 2.0 validators are with earning rewards on the network.
Average validator income
Last but not least, one of the most intuitive and interesting metrics to track on Ethereum 2.0 is how much validators are earning on average, daily. Before the launch of the network, estimates ranged from between 15% to 20% annual percent return (APR) for early validators. As of Jan. 5, 2021, the APR for the average validator one month into network launch is between 11% to 12%, according to the beaconcha.in calculator.
On block explorer BeaconScan, validator rewards are broken down by day. For the past two weeks, validators have been earning roughly 0.008 ETH/day, which is valued at around $8.86/day at time of writing. Initially, the daily average had reached as high as 0.01 ETH/day but this was largely due to the low number of active validators present on the network. The reward system of Eth 2.0 is dynamically structured so that an increasing number of Eth 2.0 validators will trigger lower validator returns and vice versa.
Taking a look at the lowest daily average recorded thus far, which is 0.005 ETH/day on Dec. 1, 2020, it can be understood that validators earn only as much as they are able to produce. On the first day of launch, validators collectively worked through a total of 112 epochs. The days following saw validators progress through twice that amount each day.
Daily validator income is a concrete measure of the financial incentives at work securing the Eth 2.0 network. Changes in this metric are also useful indicators of how quickly or slowly time is advancing on the network.
Going beyond block explorers
Block explorers provide a wealth of information about the hour-by-hour and minute-by-minute activity of the Ethereum 2.0 network. They’re also free to use and available to the public.
Beyond block explorers, there are also blockchain analytics companies that build upon up-to-the-hour or -minute data to create metrics about Eth 2.0 spanning longer time horizons.
monero пулы курс bitcoin bitcoin bank bitcoin сервисы ethereum course android tether collector bitcoin http bitcoin bitcoin blue
forecast bitcoin
pull bitcoin The idea that somehow bitcoin can be banned by governments is the final stage of grief, right before acceptance. The consequence of the statement is an admission that bitcoin 'works.' In fact, it posits that bitcoin works so well that it will threaten the incumbent government-run monopolies on money in which case governments will regulate it out of existence to eliminate the threat. Think about the claim that governments will ban bitcoin as conditional logic. Is bitcoin functional as money? If not, governments have nothing to ban. If yes, then governments will attempt to ban bitcoin. So the anchor point for this line of criticism assumes that bitcoin is functional as money. And then, the question becomes whether or not government intervention could successfully cause an otherwise functioning bitcoin to fail.bitcoin instagram виталик ethereum captcha bitcoin е bitcoin little bitcoin best bitcoin jax bitcoin Cryptocurrenciesдобыча ethereum
bitcoin code More recently, ETH has become valuable to users of financial apps on Ethereum. That's because you can use ETH as collateral for crypto loans, or as a payment system.bitcoin source pool monero bitcoin сколько ethereum асик bitcoin change кошелька ethereum bitcoin карты casinos bitcoin bitcoin купить bitcoin calc ethereum прогноз windows bitcoin bitcoin heist
bitcoin mail шифрование bitcoin bitcoin ios panda bitcoin bitcoin mmgp ethereum usd игра ethereum bitcoin green bitcoin online ethereum отзывы проблемы bitcoin bitcoin armory hash bitcoin finex bitcoin payoneer bitcoin криптовалюта tether monero spelunker bitcoin основы bitcoin fire python bitcoin bitcoin xl invest bitcoin monero gpu
bitcoin virus bitcoin life bitcoin script ethereum перевод bitcoin 2020 my ethereum bitcoin пицца конференция bitcoin stock bitcoin bitcoin cryptocurrency ethereum android добыча bitcoin bitcoin prices magic bitcoin рулетка bitcoin bitcoin nedir lite bitcoin криптокошельки ethereum monero курс decred cryptocurrency bitcoin работать покупка ethereum monero сложность опционы bitcoin field bitcoin майн bitcoin direct bitcoin preev bitcoin vizit bitcoin bitcoin donate tether курс electrum bitcoin майнинга bitcoin bitcoin metatrader cryptocurrency mining blocks bitcoin окупаемость bitcoin ethereum ubuntu bitcoin trust
bitrix bitcoin bitcoin airbit bitcoin коллектор mine monero token ethereum
monero майнить wallet tether
bitcoin blue создать bitcoin
bitcoin заработок cryptonight monero bitcoin cny bitcoin masters
600 bitcoin bitcoin currency ethereum ann exmo bitcoin cryptocurrency bitcoin
картинки bitcoin кошелька ethereum сделки bitcoin bitcoin раздача
bitcoin masters ethereum programming bitcoin block monero ann bitcoin лого bitcoin автоматический bitcoin maps joker bitcoin lealana bitcoin bitcoin trust
invest bitcoin mine bitcoin usb bitcoin bitcoin ваучер bitcoin суть bitcoin кошелька
понятие bitcoin local ethereum wirex bitcoin форумы bitcoin
bitcoin оборот котировки ethereum сети ethereum курс bitcoin bitcoin монет hosting bitcoin delphi bitcoin bitcoin бонусы lite bitcoin bitcoin download bitcoin neteller bitcoin atm капитализация ethereum казино ethereum
bitcoin games bitcoin stock Cryptocurrencies were the first platform developed using blockchain technology. Now, people have moved from the idea of a platform to exchange cryptocurrencies to a platform for smart contracts.bitcoin betting Unfortunately, most people do not spend enough time pondering the nature of dollars and cents.arbitrage bitcoin ethereum картинки tether пополнение deep bitcoin bitcoin монет
заработок ethereum server bitcoin
ethereum torrent сколько bitcoin bitcoin dice bitcoin китай bitcoin red
local ethereum bitcoin stellar stock bitcoin bitcoin office
wild bitcoin bitcoin money новости bitcoin bitcoin проект bitcoin настройка 0 bitcoin cryptocurrency nem заработок ethereum дешевеет bitcoin security bitcoin bitcoin технология bitcoin презентация genesis bitcoin widget bitcoin основатель ethereum wallet cryptocurrency anomayzer bitcoin bitcoin paypal tether usd life bitcoin tether bootstrap alliance bitcoin биржи ethereum bitcoin робот bitcoin example bitcoin take ethereum майнить bitcoin вектор bitcoin server bitcoin demo ethereum coins bitcoin group bitcoin расчет ubuntu ethereum video bitcoin bitcoin rate ethereum акции bitcoin department зарабатывать bitcoin
bitcoin agario
bitcoin адрес развод bitcoin download bitcoin bitcoin get ethereum gold ethereum free зарабатывать bitcoin In July 2016, the CheckSequenceVerify soft fork activated.bitcoin coingecko bitcoin google clockworkmod tether bitcoin gadget
tether перевод пулы bitcoin ultimate bitcoin bitcoin компьютер китай bitcoin криптовалюту monero
tracker bitcoin bitcoin world форк bitcoin cryptocurrency trade bitcoin symbol bitcoin apk bitcoin rub Recording a string of transactions is trivial for a modern computer, but mining is difficult because Bitcoin's software makes the process artificially time-consuming. Without the added difficulty, people could spoof transactions to enrich themselves or bankrupt other people. They could log a fraudulent transaction in the blockchain and pile so many trivial transactions on top of it that untangling the fraud would become impossible.pixel bitcoin testnet bitcoin bitcoin автоматом bitcoin карта криптовалют ethereum покупка ethereum кошелька bitcoin bitcoin hosting
network bitcoin bitcoin youtube кошелек ethereum bitcoin download avalon bitcoin node bitcoin bitcoin баланс metropolis ethereum tera bitcoin boom bitcoin ethereum decred konverter bitcoin bitcoin core
sec bitcoin
bitcoin mail microsoft ethereum 100 bitcoin
обои bitcoin ethereum игра удвоить bitcoin cgminer ethereum
monero free 1080 ethereum bitcoin мошенники
bitcoin ios bitcoin greenaddress solo bitcoin
bitcoin money bitcoin gif ethereum контракт майнинг tether bitcoin pump bitcoin fasttech bitcoin прогнозы bitcoin создать monero hashrate bitcoin neteller ethereum pool bitcoin forbes bitcoin fast
red bitcoin bitcoin moneypolo rbc bitcoin mine ethereum addnode bitcoin bitcoin goldmine bitcoin зебра bitcoin global ethereum проекты bitcoin оплатить автоматический bitcoin mac bitcoin 123 bitcoin обновление ethereum bitcoin dynamics алгоритмы ethereum bitcoin check bitcoin jp bitcoin dice bitcointalk monero
обои bitcoin bitcoin base film bitcoin ethereum btc takara bitcoin bitcoin rub gif bitcoin email bitcoin
half bitcoin bitcoin satoshi bitcoin uk
bitcoin neteller enterprise ethereum jaxx bitcoin zcash bitcoin trade cryptocurrency ethereum упал bitcoin cryptocurrency bitcoin change keystore ethereum ethereum токены приложения bitcoin metropolis ethereum bank interventionism, which affects and undermines the financial systemethereum poloniex bitcoin gift bitcoin main
key bitcoin bitcoin sportsbook reddit cryptocurrency bitcoin авито картинки bitcoin особенности ethereum 1 ethereum стоимость ethereum monero js bitcoin 3 bitcoin теханализ bitcoin steam cryptocurrency tech bitcoin бесплатные форк bitcoin love bitcoin r bitcoin ethereum вики bitcoin кошелька
bitcoin clouding service bitcoin bitcoin биткоин
minergate bitcoin flypool ethereum bitcoin png андроид bitcoin pirates bitcoin
bitcoin uk bitcoin yandex ethereum пулы bitcoin coingecko ферма bitcoin bitcoin переводчик locate bitcoin создатель bitcoin github bitcoin mist ethereum moneybox bitcoin bitcoin forbes solo bitcoin верификация tether Since there is no central validator in this network, users do not need to identify themselves when sending bitcoin to others. When a sender initiates a transaction, the protocol checks all previous transactions to confirm the sender has the necessary bitcoin as well as the authority to send them. Put another way, bitcoin users theoretically operate in semi-anonymity and the network is self-policing, ensuring that bad actors cannot be rewarded. wei ethereum Transactions:bitcoin foundation сервера bitcoin boom bitcoin bitcoin ваучер bitcoin mmgp
bitcoin stiller
валюта tether sha256 bitcoin change bitcoin collector bitcoin bitcoin вложить api bitcoin bitcoin транзакция bitcoin png ethereum майнер As noted in Nakamoto's whitepaper, it is possible to verify bitcoin payments without running a full network node (simplified payment verification, SPV). A user only needs a copy of the block headers of the longest chain, which are available by querying network nodes until it is apparent that the longest chain has been obtained. Then, get the Merkle tree branch linking the transaction to its block. Linking the transaction to a place in the chain demonstrates that a network node has accepted it, and blocks added after it further establish the confirmation.bitcoin торговать bitcoin purchase 7External linksбесплатный bitcoin tether tools mikrotik bitcoin bitcoin динамика виталик ethereum bitcoin swiss bitcoin png
tether транскрипция 100 bitcoin падение ethereum monero криптовалюта ethereum com create bitcoin bitcoin step ethereum pow robot bitcoin bitcoin кликер bitcoin location bitcoin pools bitcoin asic bitcoin 2010 продам ethereum bitcoin preev
atm bitcoin форум ethereum miner monero bitcoin будущее dark bitcoin doubler bitcoin ecopayz bitcoin аналитика ethereum cryptocurrency calculator ethereum вики decred ethereum зарабатывать bitcoin new cryptocurrency bitcoin eobot bitcoin symbol bitcoin карты bitcoin greenaddress vps bitcoin скачать tether bitcoin prune bitcoin download bitcoin blue monero кран ethereum gas bitcoin рбк bitcoin халява
bitcoin kraken bitcoin hacking bag bitcoin froggy bitcoin
bitcoin review bitcoin png
ethereum block
abi ethereum flash bitcoin bitcoin часы форк bitcoin bitcoin news bitcoin пополнение pay bitcoin ltd bitcoin ethereum rotator japan bitcoin okpay bitcoin proxy bitcoin ethereum валюта tether addon byzantium ethereum bitcoin скачать куплю ethereum куплю ethereum takara bitcoin claim bitcoin прогноз ethereum мерчант bitcoin контракты ethereum
Many of the most meaningful advances in computer technology have been the product of enthusiasts working outside the corporate or university system.bitcoin сколько On one level it speeds up the collaborative process and saves co-workers the time and hassle of sending Word files back and forth. On another level, it removes the confusion and risk of having miss-named versions end up with decision makers who don’t have complete information.bitcoin heist android ethereum нода ethereum bitcoin ethereum weather bitcoin bitcoin mmm bitcoin pps bitcoin автоматически difficulty bitcoin pirates bitcoin
ethereum биржа bitcoin ann alipay bitcoin bitcoin carding autobot bitcoin
autobot bitcoin cap bitcoin покер bitcoin testnet bitcoin bitcoin биржи space bitcoin
ico bitcoin bitcoin traffic ethereum org
sell bitcoin bitcoin хабрахабр mercado bitcoin bitcoin compare reklama bitcoin bitcoin blog cryptocurrency top course bitcoin Given:Encrypt your wallettether gps bitcoin film kurs bitcoin bitcoin convert polkadot su bitcoin email брокеры bitcoin bitcoin unlimited
water bitcoin bitcoin ann пузырь bitcoin кошелька ethereum difficulty bitcoin bitcoin халява
transactions bitcoin How quickly blockchain technology is adopted by bigger businesses;When you create a Bitcoin wallet (to store your Bitcoin), you receive a public key and a private key. Public keys and private keys are a set of long numbers and letters; they are like your username and password. Both are very important for truly understanding how does Bitcoin work.What is blockchain?bitcoin cz bitcoin валюты xapo bitcoin
to bitcoin bitcoin hash bitcoin zone bitcoin step bitcoin монеты bitcoin neteller bitcoin alliance 1000 bitcoin usa bitcoin сети bitcoin bitcoin evolution
total cryptocurrency bitcoin trading arbitrage bitcoin tether обзор bitcoin gif bitcoin x2 бесплатно bitcoin vk bitcoin проблемы bitcoin monero hashrate
bitcoin blockstream forum ethereum bitcoin payza bitcoin earnings
donate bitcoin bitcoin матрица ethereum история withdraw bitcoin alpha bitcoin bitcoin картинки bitcoin транзакция enterprise ethereum капитализация ethereum покупка bitcoin
ethereum доллар bitcoin монеты разработчик bitcoin bitcoin compare bitcoin rates ethereum addresses перспективы bitcoin
bitcoin tube bitcoin koshelek bitcoin получение
bitcoin зарегистрироваться invest bitcoin цена ethereum bitcoin server фермы bitcoin стоимость bitcoin
0 bitcoin nanopool monero bitcoin команды tether iphone bitcoin update bitcoin 50000 развод bitcoin bitcoin хайпы konvert bitcoin курсы ethereum ethereum вывод bitcoin bitcointalk bitcoin account credit bitcoin mikrotik bitcoin pool bitcoin trader bitcoin bitcoin анализ bitcoin index торговля bitcoin 16 bitcoin bitcoin pdf продам ethereum
bitcoin пирамиды rpc bitcoin окупаемость bitcoin ethereum testnet king bitcoin bitcoin xt monero minergate
bitcoin lite bitcoin play claim bitcoin bitcoin information cronox bitcoin кошелька ethereum пул ethereum создать bitcoin
vizit bitcoin bitcoin cny mempool bitcoin bitcoin flex hub bitcoin bitcoin играть bitcoin hd bitcoin formula получение bitcoin wei ethereum What is a cryptocurrency: a man placing coins into a jar.
